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Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of law that punishes criminals for committing offences against the state. The goal of this process is that of achieving criminal justice.

According to criminal law, crimes are offences against the social order. In common law jurisdictions, there is a legal fiction that crimes disturb the peace of the sovereign. Government officials, as agents of the sovereign, are responsible for the prosecution of offenders. Hence, the criminal law "plaintiff" is the sovereign, which in practical terms translates into the monarch or the people.

The main objective of criminal law is punishing the offender and discouraging others to offend, while that of civil law is individual compensation to whom the wrong was committed against. Criminal offences consist of two distinct elements; the physical act (the actus reus, guilty act) and the requisite mental state with which the act is done (the mens rea, guilty mind). For example, in murder the 'actus reus is the unlawful killing of a person, while the 'mens rea is malice aforethought (the intention to kill or cause grievous injury). The criminal law also details the defenses that defendants may bring to lessen or negate their liability (criminal responsibility) and specifies the punishment which may be inflicted. Criminal law neither requires a victim, nor a victim's consent, to prosecute an offender. Furthermore, a criminal prosecution can occur over the objections of the victim and the consent of the victim is not a defense in most crimes.

Criminal law in most jurisdictions both in the common and civil law traditions is divided into two fields:

Criminal procedure regulates the process for addressing violations of criminal law
Substantive criminal law details the definition of, and punishments for, various crimes.
Criminal law distinguishes crimes from civil wrongs such as tort or breach of contract. Criminal law has been seen as a system of regulating the behavior of individuals and groups in relation to societal norms at large whereas civil law is aimed primarily at the relationship between private individuals and their rights and obligations under the law. Although many ancient legal systems did not clearly define a distinction between criminal and civil law, in England there was little difference until the codification of criminal law occurred in the late nineteenth century. In most U.S. law schools, the basic course in criminal law is based upon the English common criminal law of 1750 (with some minor American modifications like the clarification of mens rea in the Model Penal Code).
(this article compliments of Wikipedia)

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Criminal News

Criminal charges against state trooper dropped
SHELBYVILLE, Mo. (AP) -- Criminal charges against a 26-year-old Missouri Highway Patrol trooper from northeast Missouri have been dropped.

Criminal Damage In Upper Douglas
Douglas Neighbourhood Policing Team are setting up an operation this weekend to target Criminal Damage within the neighbourhood. Last weekend there were 9 incidents of Criminal Damage to motor vehicles, 7 of which are linked and all believed to have been committed by the same group of people.

Criminal Past of Missing Painting’s Co-Owner Surfaces
An owner of a $1.3 million painting by Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot filed suit after the work went missing, then withdrew the lawsuit when the criminal past of the painting’s co-owner surfaced.

Criminal photos not protected
NORTHAMPTON - An official in the Secretary of the Commonwealth's Office has ruled that mug shots are not protected by Criminal Offender Record Information laws, a position that the Northampton Police Department disputes.

Criminal charges against Missouri trooper dropped
SHELBYVILLE — Criminal charges against a 26-year-old Missouri State Highway Patrol trooper from northeast Missouri have been dropped. Dustin Berry of Leonard was charged earlier this year with two counts of forgery and one count of possession or sale of equipment with altered identification numbers. The Hannibal Courier-Post reported the charges were dropped before a scheduled preliminary ...


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